Prof. DR (HC). Ing. Dr. Sc. Mult. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie otherwise known
as BJ Habibie (73 years) is a man Pare-Pare (South Sulawesi) born June 25,
1936. Habibie became president of the 3rd Indonesia for 1.4 years and 2 months
to be Vice President to-7. Habibie is a "blaster" between the
Javanese [mother] with the Napier / Pare-Pare [father].
Photo: BJ Habibie
The days of small, Habibie has shown intelligence and high spirits on science and technology, particularly physics. For six months,
he enrolled at the Mechanical Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), and continued to Rhenisch Wesfalische Tehnische Hochscule - Germany
in 1955. With financed by his mother, RA Tuti Marini Puspowardoyo, young
Habibie spent 10 years to complete the study of S-1 to S-3 in Aachen-Germany.
Unlike the average Indonesian students get scholarships abroad, college
Habibie (especially S-1 and S-2) funded directly by the mother who does
catering business and Indekost in London after her husband left to go
(Habibie's father). Habibie mengeluti field of aircraft design and construction at the Faculty of MechanicalEngineering. During the five years of study in Germany Habibie
finally earned his diploma Dilpom-Ingenenieur or technique (note: diploma engineering in Germany is generally equated with a degree
Master/S2 in other countries) with summa cum laude.
Pak Habibie continued doctoral program after marrying his high school friend, Mrs. Hasri Ainun Besari in 1962. Together with his wife living in
Germany, Habibie had to work to pay for tuition as well as household costs.
Habibie explore the field of Aircraft Design and
Construction. In 1965, Habibie S-3 completed his studies and received his PhD
Ingenieur (Doctor of Engineering) with a GPA summa cum laude.
Career in the Industry
During his doctoral student, BJ Habibie had started working for his family
and cost studies. After graduation, BJ Habibie worked at
Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm MBB or Hamburg (1965-1969 as Head of Research and
Development on Aircraft structure of the analysis, and then served as Head of
the Division of Methods and Technology in industrial commercial and military
aircraft in MBB (1969 - 1973). kebriliannya top performance and, four years
later, he was believed to be the Vice President and Director of Technology at MBB period 1973-1978 and a Senior Penasihast
technology to the Board of Directors MBB (1978). was he the only Asians who occupied number two position in the
German aircraft company.
Before entering the age of 40 years, Habibie was very brilliant career,
especially in the design and constructionof aircraft.
Habibie be a "jewel" in the country Germany and he got "an
honor", both materially and intellectually by the Germans. While working
in MBB Germany, Habibie contributed various research results and a numberof theories for science and technology in the field of Thermodynamics, Construction and Aerodynamics. Several
theoretical formulations known in the aircraft as "Habibie
Factor", "Habibie Theorem" and "Habibie Method".
Return to Indonesia
In 1968, BJ Habibie has invited a number of engineers to work on the German aircraft industry. About 40 engineers
working in Indonesia finally on the recommendation of Mr Habibie MBB. This is
done to prepare skill and experience (SDM) Indonesian engineers to someday be
able to return to Indonesia and make products aerospace industry (and later
maritime and terrestrial). And when (the late) President Soeharto send Ibnu
Sutowo to persuade Germany to meet while Habibie returned to Indonesia, BJ
Habibie immediately willing andleaving office, position and high prestige in
Germany. This is done by BJ Habibie contribute to science and technology in the nation. In 1974 at the age of 38 years, BJ Habibie return to their homeland. And he
appointed a government adviser (directly under the president) in the field of technology and high-tech aircraft until 1978. Despite of
the years 1974-1978, Habibie was often home to go to Germany because they
served as Vice President and Director of Technology at MBB.
Habibie began to really focus after he fired a high position in the German
MBB Aircraft Company in 1978. And since then, from 1978 to 1997, he was
appointed Minister of State for Research and
Technology (Research and Technology) as well as
serving as Chairman of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of
Technology (BPPT). Besides, Habibie was also appointed as Chairman of the National Research
Council and various other positions.
CN-235 aircraft owned
by Air Force works IPTN Spain
As a Research and Technology , Habibie to implement its vision of
bringing Indonesia into the high-tech industry. He pushed a leap in the
development strategy of agrarian jump straight to the advanced industrial
countries. His vision that instantly bring Indonesia into the industry gets
opposition from various parties, both inside and outside the country who want a
gradual development that started from the focus of investment in agriculture.
However, Habibie has strong confidence will his vision, and there is a "quote"
from the famous Habibie namely:
"I have some
figures roomates compare the cost of one kilo of airplane Compared to one kilo
of rice.One kilo of airplane costs thirty thousand U.S. dollars and one kilo of
rice is seven cents. And if you want to pay for your one kilo
of high-tech products with a kilo of rice, I do not think we have enough. "(Source:BBC: BJ Habibie Profile -1998 .)
The sentence above is Habibie weapon to argue with his political opponents. Habibie would like to explain why
the tech industry is very important. And he compares the prices of products
from high-tech industries (high tech) and agricultural products. He showed data
that the price of 1 kg aircraft is USD 30,000 and 1 kg of rice is 7 cents (USD
0.07). This means that 1 kg aircraft is almost equivalent to 450 tonnes of
rice. So by making 1 piece of the plane with a mass of 10 tons, will be
obtained rice 4.5 million tonnes of rice.
Pak Habibie mindset welcomed by Mr. Harto.Pres. Suharto was willing menggangarkan
extra funds from the state budget for the
development of technology projects Habibie. And in 1989, Suharto gave
"power" over the Habibie Habibie by giving confidence to lead
strategic industries such as Pindad, PAL, and PT IPTN.
Habibie became RI-1
Materially, Habibie is well established when he worked at the German
company MBB. In addition to well-established, Habibie has a very strategic
position as well as the Senior Vice President advicer in German high-tech companies. So Habibie plunged into administration not because of the money
or power per se, but rather the feeling of "thank you" to the state and people of Indonesia and also to his
parents. Similar attitudes were shown by Kwik Kian Gie , ie, after a rich and prosperous at first, and Kwik retired from business
and new to politics. Not vice versa, which is mostly done by the politicians
today who become politicians in search of wealth / popularity so no wonder the
mushrooming corruption.
Three years after his return to Indonesia, Habibie (age 41 years) received
the title of Professor of Engineering from ITB. Over the past 20 years as the
Minister, finally, on March 11, 1998, Habibie was elected as Vice President
for-7 through the General Assembly. At the time that the economic crisis
(financial crisis) hit the Asian region, including Indonesia. The rupiah
plummeted from Rp 2,000 per U.S. dollar to Rp 12,000 per dollar's. Foreign debt
maturities so that swell due to the depreciation of the rupiah. This diperbarah
by private banks experiencing liquidity problems. Inflation soared above 50%,
and unemployment started to happen everywhere.
At the same time, public outrage peaked with the new order system is loaded
corruption, collusion, nepotism committed by Suharto cronies (officials,
politicians, tycoons). Besides corruption, authoritarian Suharto government
classified, which captures vocal activists and students.
Triggered shooting 4 students (Tragedies) on May 12, 1998, public outrage erupted, especially among activists and
students in the New Order government. The movement of students, activists, and
all the people at 12-14 May 1998 be a momentum change of the regime leader Mr
Hato. And on May 21, 1998, President Suharto was forced to retire from the post
of president which he held for about 32 years. During the 32 years that,
authoritarianism and corruption grew sumbur loaded. During the 32 years of
that, many truths are silenced. Starting from the turn of the Sukarno
government (and exile Pres Sukarno), G30S-PKI, Supersemar, until Soeharto
alleged conspiracy with the U.S. and its allies to dredge the natural resources
by the people, the capitalists under the banner korpotokrasi (including the
CIA, Duni Bank, IMF and conglomerate ).
Suharto's resignation, then his Deputy that BJ Habibie was appointed the
third President under section 8 of the 1945 Constitution. However, his tenure
as president lasted only 512 days. Although very short, the leadership of
President Habibie of Indonesia was able to bring back from the brink of
collapse due to the crisis. President Habibie successfully led the country out
of the ultra-crisis situation, to implement the transition from otorian country
into democracy. Successfully conducting the 1999 elections with multi parti (48
parties), successfully brought a change signifikn on stability, democratization
and reform in Indonesia.
Habibie was the first president of Indonesia who received many awards,
especially in the field of science and technology both domestically and abroad.
His services in the field of aircraft technology to deliver he received an
Honorary Doctorate degree ( Doctor of Honoris Causa ) from the University berbagaai world leading, among others, Cranfield
Institute of Technology and Chungbuk University.
Special Notes BJ Habibie
Habibie, Suharto Meet
"Carry only your job well, I pray that Allah SWT is always protected
Habibie in performing the task. We will meet in the
inner course, "answered Soeharto refused to meet
with Habibie in a phone call on June 9, 1998.
(Habibie: Decisive Moments. Pages 293)
One of the common questions and many people do not know is how Habibie who
lives on the island of Celebes could meet and familiar with Suharto who spent
most of his life in Java?
Habibie first meeting with Suharto occurred in 1950 when Habibie was 14
years old. At that time, Suharto (Lieutenant Colonel) came to Napier in order
to combat the insurgency / separatist in eastern Indonesia during the Sukarno
government. Lieutenant Colonel Suharto lived opposite the family home Alwi
Abdul Jalil Habibie. Since the mother is the Javanese Habibie, Suharto was then
(Javanese) were received very well by the Habibie family. In fact, Suharto
participate Habibie was present when my father died. In addition, Suharto was a
"matchmaker" Habibie sister's wedding with men (soldiers) Lieutenant
Colonel Suharto. Proximity-Habibie, Suharto continued despite Suharto had
returned to Java after successfully combating the insurgency in eastern
Indonesia.
After Habibie completed the study (about 10 years) and worked for almost 9
years (a total of 19 years in Germany), Habibie finally called back to their
homeland by Soeharto. Although he was not awarded a scholarship to study in
Germany from the government, Mr. Habibie still willing to go home to serve the
country, especially the request comes from the fact Soeharto was 'a teacher'
for Habibie. Habibie decided to return to Indonesia to give knowledge to the
people of Indonesia, back to build high-tech industry in the archipelago.
Together Ibnu Sutowo, Habibie came back to Indonesia and met with President
Soeharto on January 28, 1974. Habibie proposes the idea of development as
follows:
·
The idea of building the aircraft industry nationwide as spearhead
strategic industry
·
The idea of establishing a Center for Research and Development of Science
and Technology (Puspitek)
·
The idea of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Science of
Technology (BPPT)
Habibie initial ideas feed into Soeharto and Habibie began to materialize
when it served as a minister of the period 1978-1998.
However, the days of old, the relationship Habibie-Suharto apparently
cracked. This is because the policies Habibie who allegedly "humiliating"
Soeharto. The dismissal of Lt. Gen. (ret.) Prabowo from office because mobilize
troops Kostrad Kostrad to Jakarta (and Brass Castle) without coordination boss
is one policy that 'painful' pack Harto. Though Prabowo was Soeharto's favorite
son who had been educated and nurtured into Suharto's successor. Examination as
graft suspect Tommy Soeharto helped create 'hot' with BJ Habibe government
policies, especially on several occasions in the media, BJ Habibie gave the
green light to examine Soeharto. Though Tommy is the son of 'gold' Soeharto.
And so many opposed to the Suharto government policy in the field of press,
politics, the law until the unconditional release of political prisoners such
as Sri Bintang Pamungkas Soeharto and Mukhtar Pakpahan.
Habibie: Mr. Technology Indonesia *
Habibie thoughts that "high-tech" got "heart" Harto
pack. It could be said that Soeharto admire Habibie thinking, so his thoughts
easily approved pak Harto. Soeharto agreed budgeted "extra funds" to
develop ideas Habibie. Ease of access and proximity-Habibie, Suharto was
considered by various parties as a form of collusion Habibie-Soeharto.
Moreover, some parties do not agree with the mindset Habibie since the Suharto
government willing to spend substantial funds for the development of high-tech
industries such as the suggestion Habibie.
On 26 April 1976, Habibie established PT. Aircraft industry and became the first aircraft industry in South East Asia Region (note: Mr. meruapakan Nurtanio Aircraft Industry Pioneers Indonesia). Aircraft Industry renamed Nusantara Aircraft Industry (IPTN) on October 11, 1985, then direkstrurisasi, became Dirgantara
Indonesia (PT DI) on Agustuts 2000. Istimewapun treatment experienced by other
strategic industries such as PT PAL and PT PINDAD.
Since the establishment of the state statregis industries, each year
Soeharto government has budgeted a relatively big budget to develop high-tech
industries. And budget with very large numbers issued since 1989 where Habibie
led strategic industries. However, Habibie has a logical reason to start the
high-tech industry, would require a huge investment for a period of time.
Results may not be felt immediately. Planting durian trees
only took 10 years to harvest, especially high-tech industry. Therefore, over the years the style of strategic industry Habibie has yet
to yield and consequently the country continues to finance the operating costs
of the strategic industries is quite large.
Strategic industries ala Habibie (IPTN, Pindad, PAL) ultimately deliver
results such as airplanes, helicopters, weapons, skills training and
maintenance services (maintenance service) for aircraft engines, ammunition,
ships, tanks, armored vehicles, rifles caliber , water cannons, RPP-M vehicles,
combat vehicles and much more both for civilian and military purposes.
For international scale, BJ Habibie involved in various design and
construction projects such as aircraft Fokker F 28, Transall C-130 (military
transport), Hansa Jet 320 (executive jets), Air Bus A-300, DO-31 transport
aircraft (aircraft technology dangn land and take off vertically), CN-235 and
CN-250 (aircraft with the technology fly-by-wire). Moreover, Habibie indirectly
involved in the project design calculations and BO-105 helicopter type,
multi-function fighter aircraft, some missiles and satellites.
Because the mindset is, I consider him as the father of the technology
Indonesia, liberated how much success a la Habibie strategic industries.
Because we know that in 1992, the IMF instructed not to give Soeharto to IPTN
operating funds, so that when it IPTN began entering a critical condition. This
is because the plan makes satellite Habibie himself (note: the 1970's Indonesia
is the country's 2nd largest satellite usage), the plane itself, as well as its
own military equipment. It is supported by 40 0rang Indonesian experts who have
work experience in the satellite manufacturer Hughes Americans will be drawn
back to Indonesia to develop high-tech industry in Indonesia. If this is true, then this will threaten American
technology industry (reducing the market share) as well as concerns high-tech
capabilities and the Indonesian militar
B. J. Habibie
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
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Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie
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In office
21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999
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In office
10 March 1998 – 21 May 1998
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President
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Preceded by
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Succeeded by
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In office
March 29, 1978 – March 16, 1998
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Ilham Akbar Habibie (b. 1963)
Thareq Kemal Habibie (b. 1967)
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Occupation
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Engineer, Aviation Industrialist, Politician
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Religion
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Islam
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Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie 
pronunciation (help·info) (born 25 June 1936) is a former politician of
the State of Indonesia. His
presidency (1998–1999) was the third, and the shortest, after independence.
Contents
Studies and career in Germany[edit]
Following his father's death, Habibie continued his studies in
Jakarta and then in 1955 moved to Germany.[1]
In 1960, Habibie received a degree in engineering in Germany,
giving him the title Diplom-Ingenieur.
He remained in Germany as a research assistantunder Hans Ebner at the Lehrstuhl
und Institut für Leichtbau, RWTH Aachen to
conduct research for his doctoral degree.[2]
In 1962, Habibie returned to Indonesia for three months on sick
leave. During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R. Mohamad Besari.
Habibie had known Hasri Ainun in childhood, junior high school and in senior
high school at SMA-Kristen, Bandung. The two
married on 12 May 1962, returning to Germany shortly afterwards.[3] Habibie and his wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving to
Oberforstbach. In May 1963 they had a son, Ilham Akbar Habibie.
When Habibie's minimum wage salary forced him into part-time work,
he found employment with the automotive marque Talbot, where
he became an advisor. Habibie worked on two projects which received funding
from Deutsche Bundesbahn.
Due to his work with Makosh, the head of train constructions
offered his position to Habibie upon retirement three years later, but Habibie
refused.[4][clarification needed]
In 1965, Habibie delivered his thesis in aerospace engineering and
received the grade of "very good" for his dissertation, giving him
the title Doktor der
Ingenieurwissenschaften. During the same year, he accepted Hans Ebner's
offer to continue his research on Thermoelastisitas and work toward hisHabilitation, but he
declined the offer to join RWTH as a professor per se. His thesis about light
construction for supersonic or hypersonic states also attracted offers of
employment from companies such as Boeing and Airbus, which
Habibie again declined.[5]
Habibie did accept a position with Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm in Hamburg. There, he developed theories on
thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics known as the Habibie Factor,
Habibie Theorem, and Habibie Method, respectively.[citation needed].
He worked for Messerschmit on the development of the Airbus A-300B aircraft. In
1974, he was promoted to vice president of the company.[6]
Habibie's time in Europe may have contributed to his interest in
Leica cameras.
Career in Indonesia[edit]
In 1974, Suharto recruited Habibie to return to Indonesia as part
of Suharto's drive to industrialize and develop the country. Habibie initially
served as a special assistant to Ibnu Sutowo, the CEO of state oil company
Pertamina. Two years later, in 1976, Habibie was made Chief Executive Officer
of the new state-owned enterprise Industri
Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (IPTN).[6] (In 1985, PT. Nurtanio changed its name to
Indonesian Aviation Industry and is now known as Indonesian
Aerospace Inc. (Dirgantara)). In 1978, he was appointed as Minister of
Resesarch and Technology. He continued to play an important role in IPTN other
"strategic" industries in this post.[6] By the 1980s, IPTN had grown considerably,
specializing in the manufacture of helicopters and small passenger planes; by
1991, Habibie oversaw ten state-owned industries including ship- and
train-building, steel, arms, communications, and energy.[6] A 1993 estimate determined that the estimates
used nearly $2 billion a year in state funding, although the government's
opaque accounting practices meant that the size of the industries was not
completely known.[7]
Habibie became a pilot, assisted in his training by A.B. Wolff,
former chief of staff of the Dutch Air Force. In 1995, he flew an N-250 (dubbed Gatotkoco) commuter plane.
In developing Indonesia's aviation industry, he adopted an approach
called "Begin at the End and End at the Beginning".[8] In this method, elements such as basic
research became the last things upon which to focus, whilst actual
manufacturing of the planes was placed as the first objective. Under Habibie's
leadership, IPTN became a manufacturer of aircraft including Puma helicopters
and CASA planes. It pioneered a small passenger airplane, the N-250 Gatokaca,
in 1995, but the project was a commercial failure.[9]
1994 ABC news report of Suharto announcing he would retire in 2008,
including an interview with Habibie - the then Research and Technology Minister
- declaring no interest becoming president.
In Suharto's
regime, as was expected of senior government executives, Habibie became a
member of the Golkar organisation. From 1993–1999, he was a
daily coordinator for the chairman of the executive board.
In January 1998, after accepting nomination for a 7th term as
President, Suharto announced the selection criteria for the nomination of a
vice president. Suharto did not mention Habibie by name, but his suggestion
that the next vice president should have a mastery of science and technology
made it obvious he had Habibie in mind.[10]
In that year, in the midst of the Asian Financial Crisis, this suggestion was received
badly, causing the rupiah to fall. Despite this and protests (the
former minister Emil
Salim tried to
nominate himself as vice president), Habibie was elected vice president in
March 1998.
East Timor[edit]
In late 1998, John
Howard, then Prime Minister of Australia advised Indonesia of a change
in Australian foreign policy, to whit Australia would advocate a referendum in East
Timor on
independence within a decade. Other international pressure also mounted on
Indonesia to allow self-determination for the province. Wishing to avoid the
impression that Indonesia ruled East Timor as a colony, Habibie surprised some
by announcing that a referendum,
offering a choice between special autonomy and independence, would be held in
East Timor. ABRI opposed this decision.
On 30 August 1999, the referendum was held and the East Timorese
people overwhelmingly chose Independence in mostly free and fair elections.
However, the retreat of Indonesian troops from East Timor created the 1999 East Timorese crisis where many were killed. Although Habibie
favored the quick deployment of a UN peacekeeping force to halt violence, the
military opposed this plan. On September 10, General Wiranto allegedly threatened
to stage a military coup if Habibie allowed in peacekeeping forces, causing
Habibie to back down.[12] Habibie also publicly ordered security
personnel to stop violence in the territory, but his orders went largely
unheeded.
Suharto's corruption charge[edit]
The MPR Special Session in November 1998 declared that an
investigation should be made into corruption in Indonesia, focussing
particularly on Suharto.
Habibie formed a special commission on corruption which, to the Reformasi, represented a gesture of good faith. The
noted lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution was invited to chair the investigation. The
broad scope of the terms of reference Nasution suggested was unacceptable to
Habibie, who then appointed Attorney
General and loyalist,
Andi Muhammad Ghalib.
On 9 December 1998, Suharto was questioned for three hours by
Ghalib. The Habibie government declared that Suharto had gained his wealth
through corruption.
A tape of a telephone conversation between Habibie and Ghalib was
made public. It raised concerns about the veracity of the investigation by
suggesting that the interrogation of Suharto was intended only for public
appearances.[13]
Under Habibie, the Indonesian government also began investigating
and prosecuting Suharto's youngest son, Tommy Suharto. Tommy was charged by
Ghalib in December 1998 in conjunction with the Goro scandal, where the
government, under pressure from Tommy, allegedly gave him a desirable parcel
and below-market loan for the construction of a Goro supermarket. However,
Tommy was found innocent in the case after several key witnesses, including one
of Habibie's aides - Rahardi Ramelan - changed their testimony and declared
that the deal did not cause losses to the state.[14]
The economy[edit]
Habibie's government stabilized the economy in the face of the
Asian financial crisis and the chaos of the last few months of Suharto's
presidency.[15]
Social issues[edit]
Habibie's government began to make concilliatory gestures towards Chinese Indonesians who,
because of their elite status, were targeted in the riots of 1998. In September
1998, Habibie issued a 'Presidential Instruction' forbidding use of the terms pribumi and non-pribumi to differentiate indigenous and
non-indigenous Indonesians.[16]
In May 1999, Habibie issued a further instruction directing that a
display of an ID card would suffice as proof of Indonesian citenzenship,
whereas previously, displaying a 'Letter of Evidence of Republic of Indonesia
Citizenship' (SBKRI) was required. Although the Chinese Indonesian community
was not mentioned specifically, it is clear these policies were targeted
towards Chinese Indonesians who, in the Suharto years, were referred to as
non-Pribumi and had to display the SBKRI to prove their Indonesian citizenship.
Education[edit]
When Habibie was State Minister for Research and Technology, he
created the OFP (Overseas Fellowship Program), SMDP (Science and Manpower
Development Program) and STAID (Science and Technology for Industrial
Development). These three programs were to provide scholarships to thousands of
students to continue their study for master’s and doctorate program in the
United States, Europe, Japan, and other countries.
Political Reform[edit]
Under Habibie, Indonesia made significant changes to its political
system that expanded competition and freedom of speech. Shortly after taking
office, in June 1998, Habibie's government lifted the Suharto-era restriction
on political parties and ended censorship by dissolving the Information
Ministry. He also quickly committed to holding democratic elections, albeit on
an initially vague timetable. In December, he proposed political reform laws
that were passed by the legislature and MPR session. These laws set elections
for December 1999, reduced the number of seats in parliament held by the
military, and barred political activity by civil servants.[17]
However, political opponents criticized Habibie for agreeing to
give the military some seats in parliament, and taking little action on other
military and judicial reforms.[18] The military retained its territorial command
system and practice of seconding officers to civil-service posts, and there
were few prosecutions for Suharto-era corruption under Habibie.
End of presidency[edit]
Although he had been viewed as leading a transitional government,
Habibie seemed determined to continue as president. He was initially unclear
about whether he would seek a full term as president when he announced
parliamentary elections in June 1998.[17] Habibie faced opposition from many within the
government party, Golkar; in July 1998, he struggled to win control of the
party by appointing Akbar Tandjung as chair of the party, but was ultimately
able to defeat a rival camp including former Vice President Try Sutrisno,
Defence Minister Edi Sudrajat, Siswono Yudhohusodo, and Sarwono Kusmumaatmadja.[19]
However, at the same time, Habibie began to lose support from
Akbar Tandjung and a faction in Golkar, composed of both reformers and
hardliners, that wanted to oust him. In March 1999, Golkar put forth five
presidential nominees: Habibie, Tandjung, Wiranto, Hamengkubuwono X, and
Ginandjar Kartasasmita.[20] In May 1999, Golkar announced that Habibie
would be their presidential candidate after extensive lobbying, but a large
faction in the party remained loyal to Tandjung and opposed to Habibie.[21]
At the 1999 MPR General Session in October, Habibie delivered an
accountability speech which was a report of what he had achieved during his
presidency. Once this was completed, MPR members began voting to decide if they
would accept or reject his speech. Habibie attempted to win the support of the
military by offering the vice-presidency to General Wiranto, but his offer was
declined.[22] Tandjung's Golkar faction broke with the
ranks and voted against him, and his accountability speech was rejected by 355
votes to 322. Seeing that it would be inappropriate to press his candidacy for
the presidency after having his accountability speech rejected, Habibie
withdrew his nomination.
Since relinquishing the presidency, he has spent more time in
Germany than in Indonesia, though he has during Susilo Bambang Yudoyono's
presidency been active both as a presidential adviser and through the Habibie
Centre to ensure democratisation in Indonesia.
In September 2006, he released a book called Detik-Detik Yang Menentukan: Jalan
Panjang Indonesia Menuju Demokrasi (Decisive
Moments: Indonesia's Long Road Towards Democracy). The book recalled the events
of May 1998 which led to his rise to the Presidency. In the book, he
controversially accuses Lieutenant General Prabowo Subianto, Suharto's son-in-law (at that time)
and the Kostrad Commander,
of planning a coup d'état against him in May 1998.
Habibie was married to Hasri Ainun Besari,
a medical
doctor, from 12 May 1962 until her death on 22 May 2010. The couple had
two sons, Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie. B. J. Habibie's
brother, Junus Effendi Habibie, was Indonesian ambassador to the Netherlands.[23][24] After his wife's death, Habibie published a
book titled Habibie & Ainun which recounts his relationship with
Hasri Ainun from their courtship until her death. The book has been adapted
into a film of the same name which was released on December 20, 2012.[25]
7.
Jump
up^ The Economist. 17
April 1993.
11. Jump
up^ Miller, M. (2004). 'From reform to repression: the post-New
Order's shifting security policies in Aceh', Review of Indonesian and Malaysian
Affairs, 38(4), 129–162.
13. Jump
up^ Elson, Robert (2001). Suharto:
A Political Biography. UK: The
Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 295. ISBN 0-521-77326-1.
16. Jump
up^ Purdey, Jemma (2006). Anti-Chinese
Violence in Indonesia, 1996–1999.
Singapore: Singapore University Press. p. 179. ISBN 9971-69-332-1.
Habibie, Bacharuddin Jusuf (Desember 2010). Habibie & Ainun (Cet. 2. ed.). Jakarta: THC Mandiri. ISBN
978-979-1255-13-4.
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Biography ( Complete ) BJ Habibie : Mr. Technology and
Indonesian Democracy
APRIL 2, 2009
tags: father technologies Indonesia , Habibie biography ,
Biography figures , Habibie
youth
Prof . DR ( HC ) . Ing. Dr. . Sc . Mult . Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie
or BJ Habibie known as ( 73 years ) is a man Pare - Pare ( South Sulawesi )
born June 25, 1936 . Habibie became the 3rd President of Indonesia for 1.4
years and 2 months to become Vice President - 7 . Habibie is a " blaster
" between the Java [ mother ] with the Napier / Pare - Pare [ his father ]
.
Photo : BJ Habibie
The days of small , Habibie has shown intelligence and high
spirits on science and technology, particularly physics . For six months , he
enrolled in the Mechanical Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung ( ITB )
, and continued to Rhenisch Wesfalische Tehnische Hochscule - Germany in 1955 .
With financed by his mother , R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardoyo , young Habibie
spent 10 years to complete the study of S- 1 to S - 3 in Aachen - Germany .
Unlike the average Indonesian students who received
scholarships abroad , college Habibie ( especially S - 1 and S - 2 ) funded
directly by the mother who does catering and boarding business in London after
her husband left to go ( Habibie 's father ) . Habibie mengeluti field of
aircraft design and construction at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering .
During the five years of study in Germany Habibie finally earned his diploma
Dilpom - Ingenenieur or technique ( note : diploma engineering in Germany is
generally equated with Master/S2 degree in another country ) with summa cum
laude .
Continued Mr. Habibie doctoral program after marrying his
high school friend , Mrs. Hasri Ainun Habibie in 1962 . Together with his wife
living in Germany , Habibie had to work to pay for tuition costs at the same
household . Habibie explore the field of Aircraft Design and Construction . In
1965, Habibie S - 3 completed his studies and received his Doctorate Ingenieur
( Doctor of Engineering ) with a GPA summa cum laude .
Career in the Industry
During her time as a doctoral student , BJ Habibie already
started working to support his family and the cost of their studies . After
graduation , BJ Habibie working in Messerschmitt - Bölkow - Blohm MBB or
Hamburg (1965-1969 as Head of Research and Development at Struktrur Analysis of
Aircraft, and later served as Chief of the Division of Methods and Technologies
in industrial , commercial and military aircraft in MBB (1969 - 1973 ) .
kebriliannya top performance and , 4 years later , he was believed to be the
Vice President and Director of technology at MBB period 1973-1978 as well as
being Senior Penasihast technology to the Board of Directors MBB ( 1978 ) . was
he being the only Asians who had occupied number two positions in the German
aircraft company .
Before entering the age of 40 years , Habibie had a very
brilliant career , especially in the design and construction of aircraft .
Habibie be a " jewel " in the land of Germany , and he got a "
respectable position " , both materially and intellectually by the Germans
. While working in MBB Germany , Habibie contributed various research results
and a number of theories for science and technology in the field of
Thermodynamics , Construction and Aerodynamics . Several formulations known in
the theory of aircraft as " Habibie Factor " , " Habibie Theorem
" and " Habibie Method" .
Return to Indonesia
In 1968 , BJ Habibie has invited a number of engineers to
work on the German aircraft industry . About 40 Indonesian engineers can
finally work in MBB on the recommendation Mr. Habibie . This is done to prepare
the skills and experience ( HR ) Indonesian engineers to someday be able to
return to Indonesia and the aerospace industry to make the products ( and later
maritime and terrestrial ) . And when ( the late) President Soeharto send Ibnu
Sutowo to persuade Germany to meet while Habibie returned to Indonesia , BJ
Habibie immediately willing and release positions , and the positions of high
prestige in Germany . This is done by BJ Habibie sake of science and technology
contribute to this nation . In 1974 at the age of 38 years , BJ Habibie
returned to their homeland . And he was appointed adviser to the government (
directly under the president ) in the field of technology and high-tech
aircraft until 1978 . However from the year 1974-1978 , Habibie was often home
to go to Germany because they served as Vice President and Director of
Technology at MBB .
Habibie began to really focus after it releases high
positions in the German MBB Aircraft Company in 1978 . And since then , from
1978 to 1997 , he was appointed Minister of State for Research and Technology (
Research and Technology ) also serves as the Chairman of the Agency for the
Assessment and Application of Technology ( BPPT ) . Besides, Habibie was also
appointed as Chairman of the National Research Council and various other
positions .
CN - 235 aircraft belonging to Air Force works IPTN Spain
When it became Minister of Technology , Habibie implement
its vision to bring Indonesia into the high -tech industry . He encourage a
leap in the development strategy of agrarian jump straight to the advanced
industrial countries . His vision is instantly bring Indonesia into industry
gets opposition from various parties , both inside and outside the country that
requires a gradual development that started from the focus of investment in
agriculture . However , Habibie has a sturdy faith be his vision , and there is
a " quote " from the famous Habibie namely :
" I have some figures roomates compare the cost of one
kilo of airplane Compared to one kilo of rice . One kilo of airplane costs
thirty thousand U.S. dollars and one kilo of rice is seven cents . And if you
want to pay for your one kilo of high - tech products with a kilo of rice , I
do not think we have enough . " (Source : BBC : BJ Habibie Profile -1998 .
)
The sentence above is a weapon Habibie to argue with his
political opponents . Habibie would like to explain why the tech industry is
very important . And he compare prices of products from high - tech industries
( high -tech ) with agricultural produce . He suggests that the price of 1 kg
of the data plane is USD 30,000 and 1 kg of rice is 7 cents ( USD 0.07 ) . This
means that 1 kg of aircraft is almost equivalent to 450 tons of rice . So by
making 1 planes with 10 tons of mass , it will obtain rice 4.5 million tonnes
of rice .
Habibie mindset welcomed by Mr. Harto.Pres . Suharto was
willing menggangarkan extra funds from the state budget for development
projects Habibie technology . And in 1989 , Suharto gave " power "
over the Habibie Habibie to give confidence to lead strategic industries such
as PINDAD , PAL , and PT IPTN .
Habibie became Indonesia - 1
Materially , Habibie has been very well established when he
worked at the German company MBB . In addition to well-established , Habibie
has a very strategic position at the same time the Senior Vice President
advicer in German high-tech companies . So Habibie plunged into administration
not to seek for fame or power per se, but rather the feeling of " thank
you " to the state and people of Indonesia and also to his parents .
Similar attitude was shown by Kwik Kian Gie , ie, after becoming rich and
prosperous first , then Kwik retired from his business and plunged into
politics . Not vice versa , which is mostly done by the politicians today who
become politicians in search of fortune / popularity so no wonder the
mushrooming corruption .
Three years after returning to Indonesia , Habibie ( age 41
years ) received the title of Professor of Engineering of ITB . During 20 years
as the Minister , finally on March 11, 1998 , Habibie was elected as Vice
President 7th via General Session . In the time that the economic crisis (
financial crisis ) takes place in Asia , including Indonesia . The rupiah
plummeted from Rp 2,000 per U.S. dollar to Rp 12,000 per dollar late . Foreign
debt maturities so that swell due to the depreciation of the rupiah . This
diperbarah by private banks experiencing liquidity problems . Inflation
skyrocketed above 50 % , and unemployment began to occur everywhere .
At the same time , public outrage peaked with the new order
system is loaded Corruption , Collusion , Nepotism carried out by cronies of
Soeharto ( officials , politicians , tycoons ) . In addition to corruption ,
relatively authoritarian Suharto government , which captures vocal activists
and students .
Triggered shooting 4 students ( Tragedies ) on May 12, 1998
, public outrage erupted and activists , especially among college students in
the New Order government . The movement of students , activists , and all the
people in the 12 to 14 May 1998 to the momentum change of the regime leader Mr
Hato . And on May 21, 1998 , President Suharto was forced to resign as
President he held for approximately 32 years . During that 32 years ,
authoritarianism and corruption grew sumbur loaded . During the 32 years of
that, many truths are silenced . Starting at the turn of the Sukarno government
( and seclusion Pres Sukarno ) , G30S - PKI , Supersemar , until Suharto
alleged conspiracy with the U.S. and its allies to dredge the natural resources
by the capitalist clans under the banner korpotokrasi ( including the CIA ,
Duni Bank , IMF and conglomerate ) .
Suharto's resignation , the then Deputy BJ Habibie was
appointed as the 3rd President under section 8 of the 1945 Constitution .
However , his tenure as president lasted only 512 days . Although very brief ,
is able to bring the leadership of President Habibie of Indonesia on the brink
of collapse due to the crisis . President Habibie successfully led the country
out of the ultra - crisis situation , implement the transition of the country
into a democracy otorian . Successfully implementing the 1999 elections with
multi- particle ( 48 parties ) , successfully brought signifikn changes in
stability , democratization and reform in Indonesia .
Habibie was the first president of Indonesia who received
many awards , especially in the field of science and technology both
domestically and abroad . His services in the field of aircraft technology to
deliver , he received an Honorary Doctorate degree ( Doctor Honoris Causa of )
from the world 's leading berbagaai University , among others, Cranfield
Institute of Technology and Chungbuk University .
Special Notes BJ Habibie
Habibie, Suharto Met
" Implement only a good job , I pray that Allah always
protected Habibie in performing the task . We will meet in the inner course
" , Soeharto refused to meet with Habibie in a telephone conversation on
June 9, 1998 .
( Habibie : Decisive Moments . Pages 293 )
One of the common questions and many people do not know is
how Habibie who lives on the island of Celebes could meet and be familiar with
Suharto who spent most of his life in Java ?
Habibie first meeting with Suharto occurred in 1950 when
Habibie was 14 years old . At that time , Suharto ( Lieutenant Colonel ) came
to Napier in order to combat the insurgency / separatist in eastern Indonesia
during the Sukarno government . Lieutenant Colonel Suharto lived opposite the
family home Mr. Alwi . Because the mother is Javanese Habibie , Suharto was
then ( the Javanese ) received very well by the Habibie family . In fact ,
Suharto was also present when Habibie 's father died . Moreover , Suharto
became "matchmaker " Habibie sister 's wedding with men ( soldiers )
Lieutenant Colonel Suharto . Proximity Suharto - Habibie, Suharto has continued
despite returning to Java after a successful counter-insurgency in eastern
Indonesia .
After completing his studies Habibie ( about 10 years ) and
worked for almost 9 years ( a total of 19 years in Germany ) , Habibie finally
called back to their homeland by Soeharto . Although he did not get a
scholarship to study German government , Mr. Habibie still willing to return to
serve the country , especially the request came from Pak Harto which is
actually a ' teacher ' for Habibie . Habibie decided to return to Indonesia to
give knowledge to the people of Indonesia , returned to build the high-tech
industry in the archipelago .
Together Ibnu Sutowo , Habibie came back to Indonesia and
met with President Soeharto on January 28, 1974 . Habibie proposes some ideas
of development as follows :
The idea of building the aircraft industry nationwide as
spearhead strategic industries
The idea of establishing a Center for Research and
Development of Science and Technology ( Puspitek )
The idea of the Agency for the Assessment and Application
of Science of Technology (BPPT )
Habibie initial ideas into input for Suharto and Habibie
began to materialize when the period from 1978 to 1998 served as Minister of
Technology .
However , his future , Suharto - Habibie relationship seems
cracked . This is because the policies Habibie who allegedly " humiliated
" Pak Harto . Sacking Lt. Gen. ( ret. ) Prabowo KOSTRAD of office as
Strategic Reserve Command forces mobilized to Jakarta ( Palace and Brass )
without coordination boss is one of the policies ' painful ' Pak Harto . Though
Prabowo is a favorite Soeharto 's son who has been educated and nurtured into a
successor Suharto . Examination Tommy Suharto as graft suspect involved in
making Pak Harto ' frustrated ' with BJ Habibe government policies , especially
on several occasions in the media , BJ Habibie gave the green light to examine
Soeharto . Though Tommy Suharto was the son of " golden " Soeharto .
And many opposed to the Suharto government policy in the field of press ,
politics , the law until the unconditional release of political prisoners such
as Sri Bintang Pamungkas Suharto and Mukhtar Pakpahan .
Habibie : Mr. Teknologi Indonesia *
Habibie thinking that "high - tech " got "
heart " Pak Harto . It could be said that Suharto admire Habibie thinking
, so his thoughts easily approved pack Harto . Soeharto agreed budgeted "
extra funds " to develop ideas Habibie . Ease of access and proximity
Suharto - Habibie considered by various parties as a form of collusion Habibie
- Soeharto . Moreover , some parties do not agree with the mindset Habibie,
Suharto government considering going to spend substantial funds for the
development of high- tech industries such as Habibie suggestions .
On 26 April 1976, Habibie established PT . Aircraft industry
and became the industry 's first aircraft in Southeast Asia ( note : Mr.
meruapakan Nurtanio Pioneer Indonesian Aircraft Industries ) . Aircraft
Industry later renamed Nusantara Aircraft Industry ( IPTN ) on October 11, 1985
, then direkstrurisasi , became Indonesian Aerospace ( PT DI ) on Agustuts 2000
. Istimewapun treatment experienced by other strategic industries such as PT
PAL and PT PINDAD .
Since the establishment of the state statregis industries ,
the Soeharto government annually allocates a relatively large state budget to
develop high-tech industries . And budget with very large numbers issued since
1989 where Habibie led strategic industries . However , Habibie has a logical
reason to start the high-tech industry , would require a huge investment with
long periods of time . The result may not be felt immediately . Planting durian
trees it took 10 years to harvest , especially high-tech industries . Therefore
, over the years the style of strategic industry Habibie , has yet to yield and
consequently the state continues to finance the operating costs of strategic
industries are quite large .
Strategic industries ala Habibie ( IPTN , PINDAD , PAL )
eventually gives results such as airplanes , helicopters , weapons , training
and maintenance services capabilities ( maintenance service ) for aircraft
engines , ammunition , ships , tanks , panzer , rifle caliber , water cannons ,
RPP - M vehicles , combat vehicles and much more for both civilian and military
purposes .
For an international scale , BJ Habibie involved in the
design and construction of various projects such as the Fokker aircraft F 28
Transall C - 130 ( military transport ) , Hansa Jet 320 ( executive jets ) ,
Air Bus A - 300 , DO - 31 transport plane ( plane technology dangn land and
take off vertically ) , CN - 235 and CN - 250 ( aircraft with the technology of
fly - by-wire ) . In addition , Habibie indirectly involved in the project and
design calculations BO - 105 helicopter type , multi- function fighter , some
missiles and satellites .
Because the mindset is , I consider him as the father of
Indonesian technology , how much success the liberated style of strategic
industries Habibie . Because we know that in 1992 , the IMF Suharto instructed
not to provide operating funds to IPTN , so at that time IPTN began to enter
critical condition . This is because the satellite Habibie made his own plan (
note : the 1970 Indonesia is the 2nd largest satellite usage ) , the plane
itself , as well as its own military equipment . It is supported by 40 0rang
Indonesian experts who have work experience in the satellite maker Hughes
Americans will be drawn back to Indonesia to develop high-tech industry in
Indonesia . If this is true, then this will threaten American technology
industry ( reducing the market share ) as well as concerns of high -tech
capabilities and the Indonesian military
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BJ Habibie | TICOM IMAGES | Hotsan
Third Former President , The Genius scientist aircraft
construction , this has always been a hot issue . During the heyday of the gold
carried by a myriad of positions , he was the most multidimensional humans in
Indonesia . He was a smart man who could bring the magic ten thousand hopes of
advancement in technology for the glory of this country .
BJ Habibie
Third President (1998-1999)
See Curriculum Vitae ( CV ) BJ Habibie
A bit strange , indeed , one of the nation 's children . He
was only a year studying at ITB Bandung , 10 years of college to earning a
doctorate aircraft construction in Germany with honors Summa Cum laude . Then
work in the aircraft industry leading MBB Gmbh Germany , prior to the call
President Suharto to return to Indonesia .
In Indonesia 20 years he served
State Minister for Research and Technology / Chief BPPT ,
leading 10 SOEs Strategic Industries , selected MPR became Vice
President, and sworn in by the Chief Justice be
President replaces
2nd President
Suharto .
That figure and a brief flashback journey BJ Habibie , men
born in Pare - Pare , June 25, 1936 this . He was full of controversy and is
the most multi-dimensional human figure in Indonesia . So many of his friends
and nearly that much more people who do not agree with the figures sepakterjang
aircraft industry worldwide received various awards , one of which is the most
classy Theodhore van Karman Award , which is awarded by the International
Council for Aeronautical Sciences ) at the annual meeting and 18th ICAS
congress held in Beijing , China in 1992 from the Government of China .
When he founded
ICMI (
Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals ) and was
asked to become Chairman of , for example , as well as the antithesis stand
Democracy Forum ( FORDEM ) leadership
Abdurrahman Wahid alias
Gus Dur populist and egalitarian and inclusive .
ICMI , which in the course of further practical Habibie
became a political force , by
Gus Dur was accused of being sectarian because it is not
good for the future of a pluralistic nation such as Indonesia .
When on August 10, 1995 he successfully flew the aircraft N
- 250 " Gatotkoco " commuter class of artificial and original design
the best sons of the nation who joined the PT Nusantara Aircraft Industry (
IPTN , now the Indonesian PT DI ) , he attacked the other economic actors that
required the people of Indonesia is rice instead of " toy " airplane
.
Macroeconomic thinking Habibie famous with Habibienomics ,
presented by the circle as another thought as Widjojonomics counter ( which is
really a
Soehartonomic ) . When Habibie succeeded in doing trade-
aircraft buy " Tetuko " CN - 235 with ITAM Thai glutinous rice , he
diledekin , the aircraft only glutinous ITAM class .
And most warm controversy was when he offered broad autonomy
or freedom of self-determination to the people of East Timor , the youngest
Indonesian province seized and painstakingly maintained by regime
Suharto . Whoever it was him of course want to be free ,
including the East Timorese independence , so that when the poll conducted on
the free choice of self-determination ( independence ) is absolutely superior .
Teams problem , one that was considered to be the cause of
rejection of Habibie's accountability speech at the General Assembly MPR 1999
election results . The best most democratic elections after the 1955 election .
This refusal makes BJ Habibie was not willing to go forward as a presidential
candidate ( candidates ) .
When Habibie became president almost no day without a
demonstration . The demonstration urging Habibie merepon demands reforms in
various areas of national life , such as press freedom , political freedom ,
freedom of political recruitment , association and freedom to establish
political parties , mebebasan tried , and various other freedoms . But despite
Habibie responded to the demands of reform , the government still considered a
continuation
New Order . 518 days old reign only considered the
transitional government .
Habibi desire to accelerate the commencement of the
construction is already in Nusantara Aircraft Industry ( IPTN ) by running
programs over the four stages of technology evolution accelerated " begins
and ends at the beginning of the end . "
Four stages of the technology transfer , the first ,
producing aircraft under license ituh of another aircraft industry , the result
is a licensed NC 212 from CASA of Spain . Second , make airplanes together ,
the result is " Tetuko " CN - 235 with a capacity of 30-35 passengers
a production collaboration between aqual between IPTN with Casa Spain .
Thirdly , integrating the entire system construction
technology and the most advanced aircraft in the world into something
completely new design , the result is " Gatotkoco " N - 250 with a
capacity of 50-60 pemumpang technology developed by fly - by-wire .
Fourth , producing aircraft based on the results returned
from the initial research , called the projected capacity of 130 passengers N
2130 with an estimated development cost of around 2 billion U.S. dollars .
The four stages of technology diffusion is accelerated
defined " starting from the end and ends at the beginning , " the
common understanding is elusive . Habibie perceived drift with chimera
technology that does not meet the basic needs of Indonesian technology , which
turns nenbuat whole bike just not yet.
government
New Order very indulgent four stages of technology transfer
programs Habibie by placing a variety of projects as a strategic industry that
suck up a lot of funds . One of them , the most spetakuler , is IPTN , which
require subsidies .
When the reform period , the Fund included in the LOI (
Letter Of Intent ) , that the Indonesian government can no longer provide
subsidies to IPTN , ( This company later became IPTD ) . Auto companies are
already preparing a new production program , was forced to lay off and laid off
6000 employees .
Then , on the occasion of the declaration of the
establishment of Indonesian Society of Scientists and Technology ( MITI ) ,
Habibie IPTN mention the destruction was the work of the IMF which inhibits the
Indonesian Government to help the development of the aircraft by stating the
subsidy removal clause in the Letter Of Intent ( LOI ) .
nationalism
Habibie's wife is the main reason to go back and forth to
stay in Germany . Life companion and friend of the ups and downs that are
already known to children aged 14 years , Dr. Ainun Habibie Hasri . The fourth
daughter of H. Mohammad Habibie was called lying undergoing treatment at a
hospital in Germany . Habibie want to always be able to accompany his wife ,
and he hoped his wife would also be sealu side. According to the team of
doctors who handle , yet justified Hasri Ainun living or visiting the stricken
area because of high humidity tropical . Because of this , the doctors
recommend to stay in Germany until completely healthy .
Nevertheless, the return to the homeland Habibie presumably
just because he wants to be remembered as a good human being . " Maybe
this time unconscious . , But it could be , useful one moment later , when I
was gone later , " the man said , softly , ' writes Liputan6.com . This is
a TV station SCTV , known to be very close to Habibie , who on July 2, 2002
broadcast live from Germany Habibie testimony in the case of gross human rights
violations in East Timor for trial needs of the Ad Hoc Human Rights Court of
Central Jakarta .
Habibie said the president was not everything . Although
obtaining a genius with eight patent royalties on its findings as a scientist
construction as of Airbus aircraft and the F - 16 , he admitted there is still
much much better than him . Old living in a very appreciative persona and
personality of each person , Habibie then define if you want to be appreciated
that other people notice is unchanging attitude towards the environment .
According to the status , position , and the achievement is
not the reason for the change on the environment . That is why , when it became
RI - 1 Habibie attitude towards the environment remains unchanged . Even more
revealing original character , for example, does not want to shut up and move
at will when the existing rules of protocol that should dipatuh
The third President of the Republic of Indonesia, Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin
born in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, on June 25, 1936. He was the fourth child of
eight siblings, spouse Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini
Puspowardojo. Habibie, who is married to Hasri Ainun Habibie on May 12, 1962
was blessed with two sons namely Ilham Akbar and Thareq Kemal.
Habibie passed his childhood with his brothers in Pare-Pare, South
Sulawesi. The nature firmly adhered to the principle has been demonstrated
Habibie since childhood. Habibie, who had a penchant for riding a horse, had to
lose his father, who died on 3 September 1950 due to a heart attack. Shortly
after his father died, Habibie moved to London to study at Gouvernments
Middlebare School. In high school, he began to look outstanding achievements,
especially in the exact sciences lessons. Habibie a favorite figure in the
school.
After graduating high school in Bandung in 1954, he entered the University
of Indonesia in Bandung (ITB Now). He received his Diploma from the Technische
Hochschule, Germany in 1960 and then getting gekar Doctorate from the same
place in 1965. Habibie was married in 1962, and had two children. 1967, to
honor Professor (Professor) at the Institute of Technology Bandung.
Steps Habibie much admired, full of controversy, a lot of admirers but not
a few who did not agree with him. Each time, the winner of the prestigious
Theodore van Karman Award, is back from the "habitat" of the Germans,
he was always in the news. Habibie just a year studying at ITB Bandung, 10
years of college until my doctorate aircraft construction in Germany with
honors Summa Cum laude. Then work in the aircraft industry leading MBB Gmbh
Germany, prior to the call of President Soeharto to return to Indonesia.
In Indonesia, Habibie 20 years as Minister of State for Research and
Technology / Chief BPPT, leading the 10 companies owned strategic industries,
selected MPR became Vice President, and was sworn in by the Chief Justice to
replace President Soeharto. Suharto handed the presidency to Habibie under
Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution. Until finally forced Habibie also resigned
due to referendum East Timor voted for independence. MPR his accountability
speech was rejected. He went back to ordinary citizens, restored live migrated
to Germany.
Most of his work in calculating and designing several aircraft
manufacturing project:
* VTOL (Vertical Take Off and Landing) DO-31 Transport Aircraft.
* Military Transport Aircraft Transall C-130.
* Hansa Jet 320 (Executive Aircraft).
* Airbus A-300 (for 300 people)
* CN - 235
* N-250
* And indirectly participated in the count and design:
· BO-105 helicopter.
· Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA).
· Some projects missiles and satellites.
Some Signs Service / honors:
* 1976 - 1998 Director of PT. Nusantara Aircraft Industry / IPTN.
* 1978 - 1998 Ministry of Research and Technology of the Republic of
Indonesia.
* Chairman of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology /
BPPT
* 1978 - 1998 Director of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero).
* 1978 - 1998 Chairman of the Industrial Development Authority Batam Island
/ Opdip Batam.
* 1980 - 1998 Chairman of the Defense and Security Industry Development
(Presidential Decree. 40, 1980)
* 1983 - 1998 Director, PT Pindad (Limited).
* 1988 - 1998 Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees Strategic Industries.
* 1989 - 1998 Chairman of the Management Board Strategic Industries / BPIS.
* 1990 - 1998 Chairman of the Association of Muslim Scholars
se-lndonesia/lCMI.
* 1993 Daily Presidium Coordinator, Board of Trustees of Golkar.
* March 10-May 20 1998 Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia
* May 21, 1998 - October 1999 the President of the Republic of Indonesia
